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Objective To investigate the effect of sodium valproate combined with phenytoin sodium on the epileptiform discharge and cognitive function in patients with refractory epilepsy (RE).Methods A total of 213 patients with RE were selected from February 2011 to February 2015 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.The patients were divided into phenytoin sodium group,sodium valproate group and combined treatment group according to the treatment methods,71 cases in each group.The patients in the phenytoin sodium group were treated with phenytoin sodium,the patients in the sodium valproate group were treated with sodium valproate,and the patients in the combined treatment group were treated with phenytoin sodium and sodium valproate.The electroencephalogram and cognitive function score of the patients in the three groups were performed before treatment and six months after treatment,and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.The improvement of electroencephalogram,cognitive function score and clinical effect were compared among the three groups.Results The total effective rate in the combined treatment group,phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group was 80.28％ (57/71),60.56％ (43/71) and 59.15％ (42/71) respectively,the total effective rate in the combined treatment group was significandy higher than that in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =8.412,9.596;P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the total effective rate between phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =0.003,P ＞ 0.05).The improvement rate of electroencephalogram in the combined treatment group,phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group was 80.28％ (57/71),63.38％ (45/71) and 60.56％ (43/71) respectively,the improvement rate of electroencephalogram in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group(x2 =7.520,8.412;P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of electroencephalogram between phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (x2 =0.070,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient in the three groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment in the three groups (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient in the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group(P ＞ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the scores of total intelligence quotient,language intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient between the phenytoin sodium group and sodium valproate group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Phenytoin sodium combined with sodium valproate can effectively control the epileptiform discharge,improve the cognitive function and improve the therapeutic effect in RE patients.
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A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-HR-MSn method was used for the identification of Kudiezi injection and its main metabolites in rat plasma. After the tail intravenous injection of Kudiezi, ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used, with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. Kudiezi injection and plasma were detected by ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap equipped with an ESI ion source in a negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, the retention time and the mass fragmentation patterns, a total of 53 compounds were tentatively identified and characterized. Furthermore, metabolites in rat plasma after the intravenous administration of Kudiezi injection were also analyzed. A total of 38 compounds were identified, including 27 prototypes and 11 metabolites through metabolic pathways of methylation, glucuronide conjugation, sulfate conjugation and hydrolysis. As a result, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap technique was applied to comprehensively expound Kudiezi injection's chemical components and constituents migrating to rat plasma, and provide scientific basis for further studies on Kudiezi injection's in vivo metabolic process and effective material base.
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Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of prenatal fetus otocephaly . Methods Three prenatal fetus with otocephaly were examined with two -and three-dimensional ultrasoundand examined results were compared with the those of induced labor or autopsy ,and ultrasound characteristicsof prenatal fetus were analyzed and summarized .Results The ultrasound performance of three prenatal fetuswith otocephaly and the examination of the appearance after induced labor showed :(1) The most intuitiveinitial sonographic performance of otocephaly was manifested by the absence of stomach bubble andoverabundance of amniotic fluid.Among three fetus,one fetus had overabundance of amniotic fluid at the midstageof pregnancy,one fetus had normal amniotic fluid at the mid-stage of pregnancy and one fetus hadextremely high amount of amniotic fluid and absence of stomach bubble at late stage of pregnancy .(2) Allthree fetus showed agnathy and synotia (shifts of both ears to the midline) and microstomia deformity.(3) All three fetus had associated complications with deformity in other systems including two cases of patients withcleft lip and palat,both were the fracture unilateral cleft lip derived from small mouth .One fetus withdysmelia and one fetus with complicated cardiovascular deformity and situs inversus and .(4) The results ofexamination after induced labor or autopsy were consistent with those of the prenatal ultrasound examination . Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound examination is an effective and feasible means for the diagnoses ofotocephaly.When the symptoms of “absence of stomach bubble and extremely high amount of amniotic fluid ”occurred,the fetal ear and submaxilla should be examined to confirm stand -alone otocephaly prenatally.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on the pH of the adult male semen and the motoricity and motoricity parameters of spermatozoa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy adult male fresh semen was exposed to a 50-Hz EMF at 0.4 mT for 15, 30 and 60 min, respectively. The pH value of the semen, the motoricity and motoricity parameter of spermatozoa were detected and recorded in real time using the WLJY-9000 pattern chromatic color spermatozoa quality detection system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with parallel control group, the exposure of adult male fresh semen to a 50-Hz EMF at 0.4 mT for 15 min or 60 min could decrease significantly the motoricity (spermatozoa with a + b lever) and the activity ratio (spermatozoa with a + b + c lever)(P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences of motoricity and the activity ratio between exposure group and control group (P > 0.05), and after exposure to a 50-Hz. EMF for 30 min the motoricity and the activity ratio of exposure group were inhibited, as compared with control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The pH value of the semen was not obvious changed (P > 0.05) when semen was exposed to a 50-Hz EMF of 0.4 mT for 15, 30 and 60 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In present experiment, it is suggested that the exposure of adult male fresh semen to a 50-Hz EMF in vitro could inhibit the motoricity and the activity ratio, but not affect the pH value of the semen within 60 min.</p>